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Abraham in Islam
(詳細はAbraham in the Hebrew bible, is recognized in Islam as a prophet and apostle of God (Arabic: ') and patriarch of many peoples. In Muslim belief, Abraham fulfilled all the commandments and trials which God tried him with over his lifetime. As a result of his unwavering faith in God, Abraham was promised by God to be a leader to all the nations of the world. The Quran extols Abraham as a model, an exemplar, obedient and not an idolator. In this sense, Abraham has been described as representing "primordial man in universal surrender to the Divine Reality before its fragmentation into religions separated from each other by differences in form".〔''Concise Encyclopedia of Islam'', C. Glasse, p. 18〕 The Islamic holy day Eid al-Adha is celebrated in memory of the bravery of Abraham, and Muslims perform the pilgrimage to pay homage at the Kaaba which Abraham had set up and reformed.〔''Concise Encyclopedia of Islam'', C. Glasse, ''Kaaba''〕
Muslims believe that the prophet Abraham became the leader of the righteous in his time and it was through him that the people of both Arabia and Israel came. Abraham, in the belief of Islam, was instrumental in cleansing the world of idolatry at the time. Paganism was cleared out by Abraham in both Arabia and Canaan. He spiritually purified both places as well as physically sanctifying the houses of worship. Abraham and Ismail (Ishmael) further established the rites of pilgrimage, or ''Hajj'', which are still followed by Muslims today. Muslims maintain that Abraham further asked God to bless both the lines of his progeny, of Ismail (Ishmael) and Ishaq (Isaac), and to keep all of his descendants in the protection of God. They also believe that Muhammad is a descendant of Abraham through Ishmael.
==Family==
Some Muslims maintain that Abraham's father was Azar (), which could be derived from the Syriac ''Athar'',〔Geiger 1898 (''Judaism and Islam: A Prize Essay'' ).,p. 100〕 who is known in the Hebrew Bible as Terah. Other Muslims maintain that Azar was his paternal uncle.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=SURAH AL-ANAAM-6 Makkah. 20 Sections. 165 verses.Ayyah 74-81 )〕 Commentators and scholars believed that Abraham himself had many children, but Ismail (Ishmael) and Ishaq (Isaac) were the only two who became prophets. Abraham's two wives are believed to have been Sarah and Hājar (Hagar), the latter of whom was originally Sarah's handmaiden.〔Lings, Martin. "Muhammad". ''House of God'' Chap. I (cf. Index: "Abraham"), Suhail Academy Co.〕 Abraham's nephew is said to have been the messenger Lut (Lot), who was one of the other people who migrated with Abraham out of their community. Abraham himself is said to have been of Semitic lineage, being a descendant of Nuh (Noah) through his son Shem.〔"Ibrahim". ''Encyclopedia of Islam'', Online version.〕
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